References

  • BEAR Scotland Ltd. (2019). North-West Unit Motorcycle Accident Investigation. (unpublished report prepared for Transport Scotland, Trunk Road and Bus Operations (TBRO) Directorate. Scheme Ref: 18/NW/0801/042
  • BEAR Scotland Ltd. (2021). 2021 Motorcycle Accident Cluster Site and PRIME Site Selection Review. (unpublished DRAFT report prepared for Transport Scotland, Trunk Road and Bus Operations (TBRO) Directorate. Scheme Ref: 20/NW/0801/062
  • Bissell, H.H., Pilkington, G.B., Mason, J.M., and Woods, D.L. (1982). Roadway cross section and alignment. Synthesis of Safety Research Related to Traffic Control and Roadway Elements, vol. 1. US Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C.: pp 1.1–1.16
  • Bricelj, A., Merkun, A., Brumec, U., and Hudej, G. (2016). Report for the Implementation of Measures to Reduce the Speed of Motorcyclists and to Improve Traffic Safety for All Road Users.
  • Crundall, E., Crundall, D., Stedmon, A.W. (2012). Negotiating Left-Hand and Right-Hand Bends: A Motorcycle Simulator Study to Investigate Experiential and Behaviour Differences Across Rider Groups. PLoS ONE, 7(1): e29978. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029978
  • Crundall, D., Stedmon, A. W., Crundall, E., and Saikayasit, R. (2014). The role of experience and advanced training on performance in a motorcycle simulator. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 73(2014), 81–90.
  • de Moraes, V. Y., Godin, K., Dos Reis, F. B., Belloti, J. C., and Bhandari, M. (2014). Status of road safety and injury burden: Brazil. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, 28, S45–S46.
  • Department for Transport (2009). Reported Road Casualties Great Britain: 2008 Annual Report. The Stationery Office, London.
  • Department for Transport (2015). Free Flow Vehicle Speed Statistics: Great Britain 2014. The Stationery Office, London.
  • Department for Transport (2019). Reported Road Casualties in Great Britain: 2018 Annual Report. The Stationery Office, London.
  • Department for Transport. (2021). Vehicle Speed Compliance Statistics for Great Britain. London: The Stationery Office.
  • Fildes, B., Corben, B., Newstead, S., Macaulay, J., Gunatillake, T., and Tziotis, M. (2005). Perceptual countermeasures to speeding. Annual Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, 49, 1–18.
  • Gardener, R., Tate, F., Mackie, H., Stedmon, A.W., and Southey-Jones, B. (2017). Motorcycle- friendly roads: Applying a customer lens on the journey from identification to implementation. In, Proceedings of Australasian Road Safety Conference 2017 10-12 October 2017, Perth Australia.
  • Gibreel, G.M., Easa, S.M., Hassan, Y., and El-Dimeery, I.A. (1999). State of the art of highway geometric design consistency. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 125(4): 305–313.
  • Hirsch, L., Moore, D., Stedmon, A.W., Mackie, H., and Scott, R. (2017). Keeping you in the loop: A human factors approach to motorcycling safety. In, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society of New Zealand Annual Conference, 5-7 September 2017, Wellington, New Zealand
  • Hirsch, L., Scott, R., Mackie, H., Stedmon, A.W., and Moore, D. (2018). Motorcycle safety on the Coromandel curves: The development and evaluation of perceptual counter-measures to influence rider speed, position and braking. Prepared for the Accident Compensation Corporation
  • Lehman, R. S. (1991). Statistics and Research Design in the Behavioural Sciences. Belmont CA: Wadsworth Publishing Co.
  • Mackey, A., and Gass, S.M. (2005). Second Language Research: Methodology and Design. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Mackie, H., and Scott, R. (2015). Evaluation of perceptual countermeasures for the Southern Coromandel Motorcycle Safety Demonstration Project. Mackie Research and Consulting Ltd: DRAFT.
  • Mares, P., Coyne, P., & MacDonald, B. (2020). Motorcycle Roadcraft: The Police Rider’s Handbook. London: The Stationery Office.
  • Martindale, A., and Urlich, C. (2010). Effectiveness of transverse road markings on reducing vehicle speeds. New Zealand Transport Agency, Research Report 423.
  • Mulvihill, C., Candappa, N., and Corben, B. (2008). Evaluation of Perceptual Countermeasures for Motorcyclists Stages 1 and 2: Final Report. Victoria Australia: Monash University Accident Research Centre.
  • Ozkan, T., Lajunen, T., Dogruyol, D. B., Yıldırım, Z., and Coymak, A. (2012). Motorcycle accidents, rider behaviour, and psychological models. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 49(2012), 124–132.
  • Stedmon, A.W. (2020a). Motorcycle Riders’ and Drivers’ Perceptions of PRIMEs. Report prepared for Transport Scotland.
  • Stedmon, A.W. (2020b). Development of Motorcycle Specific Road Markings: Findings from the PRIME Road Marking Design On-Line Survey. Report prepared for Transport Scotland.
  • Stedmon, A.W., Crundall, D., Crundall, E., Irune, A., Saikayasit, R., van Loon, E., and Ward, P. (2010). Advanced Rider Performance: A Simulator Study. Institute of Advanced Motorists (IAM) Final Report.
  • Stedmon, A., McKenzie, D., Langham, M., McKechnie, K., Perry, R., and Wilson, S. (2021). Safeguarding motorcyclists: Trialing new PRIME road markings for casualty reduction. Transportation Research Part F: Psychology and Behaviour, 83(2021), 333-350
  • Stedmon, A., McKenzie, D., Langham, M., McKechnie, K., Perry, R., and Wilson, S. (2022). Safer road users: Investigating the influence of PRIME road markings on motorcycle rider behaviour. Transportation Research Part F: Psychology and Behaviour, 83(2021), 368-385
  • Stedmon, A., McKenzie, D., Langham, M., McKechnie, K., Perry, R., Wilson, S., Mackay, M. and Geddes, S. (2023). PRIME motorcycle markings for motorcycle casualty reduction in Scotland. In, D. Golightly and N. Balfe. Contemporary Ergonomics and Human Factors 2023: Proceedings for the Annual Conference of the Chartered Institute of Ergonomics and Human Factors. Chartered Institute of Ergonomics and Human Factors.
  • Stewart, D.L. (1977). The case of the left-hand bend. The Highway Engineer, 24(6): 12–17.
  • Stewart, D.L., and Cudworth, C.J. (1990). A remedy for accidents at bends. Traffic Engineering and Control, 31: 88–93.
  • Transport Scotland (2020). Reported road casualties Scotland 2019: Key findings report. Transport Scotland, Glasgow: Crown Copyright.
  • Transport Scotland (2021). Scotland’s Road Safety Framework to 2030: Together making Scotland’s roads safer. Transport Scotland, Glasgow: Crown Copyright.
  • Vanlaar, W., Hing, M. M., Brown, S., McAteer, H., Crain, J., and McFaull, S. (2016). Fatal and serious injuries related to vulnerable road users in Canada. Journal of Safety Research, 58, 67–77.
  • Walmsley, D., Summersgill, I., and Binch, C. (1998). Accidents on modern rural single-carriageway trunk roads. TRL Report 336. Transport Research Laboratory, Crowthorne.
  • Winkelbauer, M., Scneider, F., Tauschmann, J., Strnad, B., Radon, S., Ortner, H., and Zischa, M. (2021). Sondermarkierungen Motoreradverkehr: Evaluierung. KFV – Sicher Leben Band 30.